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  • Perplex
    IB Math AAHL
    /
    Counting & Binomials
    /

    Problem Bank

    [Maximum mark: 14]

    A number has a peak if there exists a digit, not at either end of the number, such that all the digits to its left are in increasing order and all the digits to its right are in decreasing order. For example, the numbers

    ​
    123531765412986​
    ​


    have a peak. On the other hand, ​154623​ and ​123456​ (the ​6​ is at the end) do not contain a peak.


    A peak password is a number made up of the digits from ​1−9, where each digit is used exactly once, and contains a peak.

    1. Explain why the peak of the password must be ​9.

      [1]

    Consider all the passwords whose peak is the ​4th​ digit from the left.

    1. Show that there are ​(n3​)​ such passwords, and give the value of ​n.

      [3]
    2. Use a specifically chosen value of ​x​ and the expansion of ​(1+x)n​ to show that

      ​
      k=1∑n−1​(nk​)=2n−2
      ​
      [5]
    3. Using the result from (c), determine the total number of possible peak passwords.

      [5]

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