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  • Perplex
    IB Math AIHL
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    Graph Theory
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    Problems

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    Problem Bank - Graph Theory

    Access custom-built, exam-style problems for graph theory. Each problem has a full solution and mark-scheme, as well as AI grading and support.

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    A small autonomous delivery robot moves along raised walkways that connect five college campus buildings depicted below:

    <p>The diagram shows five labeled points (nodes) connected by straight-line segments (edges):</p>
<p>• Nodes:<br>
– A (upper left)<br>
– B (upper right)<br>
– C (lower right)<br>
– D (lower left)<br>
– E (center)</p>
<p>• Outer connections (forming a quadrilateral):<br>
– A–B (horizontal top edge)<br>
– B–C (vertical right edge)<br>
– C–D (horizontal bottom edge)<br>
– D–A (vertical left edge)</p>
<p>• Inner connections (all radiating from E):<br>
– E–A<br>
– E–B<br>
– E–C<br>
– E–D</p>
<p>All nodes are rendered as small circles with their labels inside. All edges are straight lines connecting the centers of the circles.</p>

    Whenever the robot reaches a building it chooses one of the outgoing walkways at random and travels to the next building.

    1. Write down the adjacency matrix, M, for this graph.

      [3]
    2. How many different ways can the robot start at a vertex, walk exactly 5 walkways, and return to the same vertex?

      [3]
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    <p>A graph with 4 vertices and 6 edges.</p><p>Vertices: A, B, C, D.</p><p>Edges:</p><p>- An undirected edge between B and A.</p><p>- An undirected edge between A and C.</p><p>- An undirected edge between C and D.</p><p>- An undirected edge between D and B.</p><p>- An undirected edge between B and C.</p><p>- An undirected edge between A and D.</p>
    1. State whether the above graph is complete.

      [2]
    2. Determine whether Kn​ - the complete graph of degree n - is Eulerian for

      1. n=2;

        [1]
      2. n=3;

        [2]
      3. n=4.

        [1]
    3. State all n for which Kn​ is Eulerian.

      [3]
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    1. Find the number of edges in a complete graph on 10 vertices.

      [2]

    A graph is called planar if it can be drawn such that no two edges cross. All planar graphs satisfy e≤3v−6, where e is the number of edges and v is the number of vertices.

    1. Hence, show that K10​ is not planar.

      [3]
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    <p>A graph with 5 vertices and 8 edges.</p><p>Vertices: A, B, C, D, E.</p><p>Edges:</p><p>- An undirected edge between A and B.</p><p>- An undirected edge between D and B.</p><p>- An undirected edge between E and C.</p><p>- An undirected edge between C and D.</p><p>- An undirected edge between A and E.</p><p>- An undirected edge between D and E.</p><p>- An undirected edge between B and E.</p><p>- An undirected edge between D and C.</p>
    1. State whether the graph above is simple.

      [2]

    The adjacency matrix for a graph is ⎝⎜⎜⎜⎜⎛​01110​11001​10011​10101​01110​⎠⎟⎟⎟⎟⎞​.

    1. State whether the graph corresponding to the adjacency matrix is simple.

      [2]
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