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  • Perplex
    IB Math AIHL
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    Approximations & Error
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    Problems

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    Problem Bank - Approximations & Error

    Access custom-built, exam-style problems for approximations & error. Each problem has a full solution and mark-scheme, as well as AI grading and support.

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    IB: 5
    7

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    The magnitude M of an earthquake on the Richter scale is defined as a function of the energy, in joules, E released by the earthquake:

    M=32​logE−516​.

    Using this equation, it can be shown that

    E=a×10bM.
    1. Find the value of a and the value of b.

      [3]

    On July 22, 2023, Taylor Swift fans in Seattle registered a 2.3 magnitude earthquake. The largest earthquake ever recorded, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake off the coast of Chile, had a 9.5 magnitude.

    1. Find the number of "Swift Quakes" needed to match of energy of the Valdivia earthquake. Give your answer in the form c×10k, where 1≤c<10 and k∈Z.

      [3]
    8

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    The area swept out by Earth's orbit each day is 1.92×1014km2. The height of the Empire State Building is 443m.

    1. Find the radius of Earth's orbit (assume it to be circular).

      [3]
    2. Hence, determine the number of Empire State buildings that could be placed between the Earth and the Sun. Round your answer to 3 significant figures.

      [4]
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    A bakery slices a loaf of bread. The end face of the loaf (a cross-section) sits on the cutting board as illustrated in the diagram below:

    Powered by Desmos

    The height y of the crust above the cutting board is known for the following values:

    x (cm)

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    y (cm)

    0

    1.1

    1.8

    2.0

    1.5

    0

    The bakery wants the cross-sectional area of the end face to estimate the loaf’s volume. The outline of the crust is concave down for 0≤x≤10.

    1. Use the trapezoidal rule with a step size of h=2cm to estimate the cross-sectional area A (in cm2).

      [4]

    The loaf is 18cm long.

    1. Use your result from part (a) to estimate the volume of the loaf (in cm3).

      [2]
    2. Given the outline is concave down on [0,10], state, with justification, whether the trapezoidal rule overestimates or underestimates the true area.

      [1]

    A precise scan reports the true cross-sectional area is 13.6cm2.

    1. Calculate the percentage error of your estimate from part (a).

      [2]
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